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The history of the establishment of aviation forest protection in the USSR, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Chapter 4

With this article, we continue the series of publications devoted to the history of the establishment of aviation forest protection in the USSR, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Chapter 4. From the nineties of the XX century - to Aviation protection at the present stage.

Departmental aviation: An-26 aircraft and Mi-8 MTV helicopter.

Creation of a departmental fleet in a transition economy. Technical innovations. Creation of a federal reserve. FDS and ISDM Rosleskhoz. " The work of FBU Avialesohrana and regional specialized institutions. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the transition to a market economy could not but affect the state of aviation forest protection.

An-26 aircraft intended for the delivery of paratroopers, firefighters, air patrolling and artificial precipitation.

In 1994, the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation was abolished. Almost no financial support was left for the aviation enterprises and small aviation squads serving the forest protection bases, their gradual liquidation began.

Transportation of water in a soft container P-1.00 to a fire.

Only a few airlines were able to stay afloat by creating their own airlines. By the mid-90s, in many regions there was a shortage of aircraft and helicopters, as well as jet fuel. Airlines that focused on providing instant and good income passenger and cargo transportation, eliminated the fleet of light aircraft and helicopters, so necessary for the implementation of forestry operations. In many regions, aircraft and helicopters of the 1st class remained from aviation equipment: Il-62, Tu-154, Il-86, Mi-26. In a number of air bases, An-26 aircraft and Mi-8 helicopters literally flew on their last resources.

Forest fire. The view from the helicopter.

Under the current conditions, the Aviation Protection was forced to take the path of creating departmental aviation. In 1994, a flight division was organized as part of the Northeast Air Base, and in 1995 the Central Air Base took over the Vladimir State Air Enterprise. A year later, departmental aviation units were organized in the North-Western Air Base (Petrozavodsk), Krasnoyarsk (Yeniseisk), Amur (Svobodny) and their units in the Altai and Buryatia republics.

Landing on a fire using a missile launcher.

The presence of a departmental fleet of aircraft, the geographically uniform location of airbases ensured the implementation of forest patrol operations in most of the protected area. By investing in departments of departmental aviation, the Central Air Base planned its development, carried out repairs, deployed aircraft in the regions, and carried out flight safety control.

Landing a group of paratroopers firefighters in the forest.

Departmental aircraft fleet of the Aviation Safety Agency totaled 106 units, including 3 Be-12P air tankers, sixty-nine An-2 aircraft, one Mi-8MTV helicopter, five An-26 aircraft, two An-24, two An-3, eighteen helicopters Mi-8T, seven Mi-2, one Il-103 aircraft. The number of flight personnel of their own aviation exceeded 500 people. The flight hours of the Aviation Protection's own aviation exceeded 50% of the total flight time.

To be continued...

On November 29, 2019 a meeting on the fight against corruption was held in the central office

On November 29, 2019 a meeting was held in the central office on the topic: "Prevention and Prevention of Corruption Violations in the State Enterprise " Kazavialesoohrana ”. Head of the Legal Department Ibraev Z.O. were explained:
- General provisions of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Combating Corruption”;
- Anti-corruption measures;
- Anti-corruption strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2025.

Honesty and integrity is a vivid example of love for the Motherland

Order on the appointment of Amanov A.K. to the position of Deputy General Director of the State Enterprise "Kazavialesoohrana"

The 19th meeting of the CIS Intergovernmental Council on Forestry was held in Semey

On November 29, 2019, a meeting was held on the topic: "Results of the fire season 2019»

November 29, 2019 in RSU "Pavlodar regional territorial inspection of forestry and wildlife Committee of forestry and wildlife of the Ministry of ecology, Geology and natural resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan" held a meeting on "the Results of the fire season 2019".

From the state enterprise "Kazavialesoohrana" the meeting was attended by the head of Bayanaul aviation branch Morozov S. N.

Learning the nature of his native land-Honeyeater

Honey badger

The Indian honey badger, or bald badger (Mellivora capensis) is a small predator of the family of Martens, which is the only representative of its genus. The name of this animal was due to the fact that he likes to eat honey, however, raids on colonies of wild bees, he makes quite rare and eats mostly different animals. Honey badger lives in Africa and Asia. In Africa, it is found almost everywhere, from the Arabian Peninsula to Central Asia, as well as to India and Nepal.

Honeyeaters live in a variety of climatic zones, including steppes, forests and mountainous areas, avoiding only too hot or humid regions such as deserts or rainforests. Until the 80s of the last century, it was believed that the honey badger in the former Soviet Union lives only in Turkmenistan. For the first time in Kazakhstan honeyeater was discovered by zoologist Corinthian. In March 1987, his colleague Plakhov observed a honey badger on the territory of the Ustyurt reserve. The animal was found in a shallow freshly dug hole in a state of short-term hibernation, into which he fell due to the onset of cold weather. Worried honey badger were aggressive and with a dull roar rushed to the people. In the same year, another meeting with the honey badger was recorded in another place. This indicates that the beast in the region, although very rare, but lives there permanently.

Honeyeater is included in the teriofauna of our country and is listed in the Red book of Kazakhstan. The Kazakhs inhabiting Mangistau have a belief-if a boy meets a honey badger, he will grow up a brave and successful person.
Appearance
Adult honeyeater weighs an average of 8-16 kg with a body length of 60-77 cm (this is not counting the 25-centimeter tail). Outwardly, it resembles a badger with its elongated body and short muscular legs. However muzzle have honeyeater, unlike badger, obtuse, ear sinks there is no, on front paws there are 4-5-centimeter curved bears, and skin very elastic and thick - on neck she reaches thickness 6 mm.

Coloring have this predator contrast: the entire the lower part of bodies, including limbs, covered with black brilliant coat, and upper part of heads, back and flanks have greyish-white coloring. Between your fingers the honey badger has a little webbed, and the soles of the paws had a flat and hairless. The paws themselves are large, elongated, and the fingers, especially on the front paws, where the maximum length of the claws, look slightly apart from each other. The head of the beast is large, with a wide and rather flattened skull, but it narrows sharply to the nose. The face looks much shorter and blunt on the end. RATEL's eyes are dark and smallish, so that sometimes it is difficult to see them against the background of coal-black hair of the animal.

Honey badger and king Cobra

Behavior and nutrition
For housing, the honey badger digs a hole from 1 to 3 meters long, which ends in a small chamber without any litter. Thanks to powerful paws he can dig itself asylum literally for 10 minutes. Sometimes the honey badger occupies the burrows of other animals, and also uses as housing the crevices of rocks and even the hollows of trees. In their territory honeyeaters usually have on several burrows, and so as for clock they pass big distances, then almost never spend the night in one and the same place two nights consecutive. These animals are active mainly at twilight or at night, but during cool weather they can be seen during the day.

The conflict of the honey badger leopard, Botswana, South Africa.

Honeyeaters are known as surprisingly fearless and sometimes aggressive animals. Their thick skin, powerful jaws and clawed paws serve as effective weapons of defense against enemies. For honeyeaters characterized by a very unusual reaction to the bites of poisonous snakes, looking like convulsions and death-with 20-40 minutes the animal comes to life and returns to normal life. In addition, the animal, like a skunk, has glands that emit a fetid smell. In the case when the honey badger is in danger, he can attack even in animals greatly exceeding it in size.

This predator eats absolutely any animal food, ranging from turtles, poisonous and non-poisonous snakes and small crocodiles and ending with various insects (locusts, termites), spiders and Scorpions. The honeyeater's diet also includes various rodents, the young of larger species such as foxes or antelopes, birds and their eggs, as well as amphibians and carrion. Occasionally the honey badger eats berries and fruits. In search of food it moves on the ground, but occasionally climbs on trees, especially when he wants to get to the honey. The honey badger has a very fine nose, which helps to find even hidden underground prey, which the animal quickly digs up. With a rare appetite, he pounces on anything that is good for food, and attacks any animal he can handle. Prey honeyeater become snakes (even poisonous Mamba), lizards, birds, small animals, fish, frogs, turtles, Scorpions and insects. In addition to the diet are bird eggs, fruits, roots and buds. With equal agility honeyeater hunts on the ground and trees, climbs into the burrows of meerkats, rats, voles, ground squirrels; finding the owner in the hole, he immediately kills him and devours on the spot. In search of his favorite treat honey badger is often assisted by a honey guide bird, which has learned to cause the bee nests of animals and people. With long and sharp claws the beast tears up the nest, and the thick wool and thick skin protect it from the bites of angry insects. After the honey badger is satisfied, the honey badger starts the meal, which gets wax and bee larvae.

Reproduction and life expectancy
Most of the year honeyeaters lead a secluded lifestyle. The female honey badger tolerates the presence of a male on her territory only during estrus. The courtship ritual is fleeting and rather crude. After mating, which usually takes place in the burrow, the fertilized female drives the partner away. The gestation period lasts 6-7 months. Shortly before childbirth, the female prepares a den in which one to three cubs are born. The first time mother feeds toddlers milk, only only briefly leaving their without supervision, to than any refreshment, and when those will grow up, dedicates hunting all more time. The greatest danger lies in wait for the offspring during the first exits from the burrow. If the mother does not have time to run to help, small honeyeaters can become victims of predators, including their adult relatives. At about 18 months, the cubs reach sexual maturity - and, expelled by the mother, go in search of their own plots. Their life expectancy in nature is still unknown, in captivity - about 25 years.

To get to the water, the honey badger digs a hole in the temporarily dried river bed

Enemies
The main natural enemies of the honey badger — wolves and wild dogs. Lions usually avoid clashes with the honey badger, but some of them can hunt the RATEL, though very rarely. Most often, this make expelled from the pride lands or wounded animals, driven by hunger until despair. Honey badger selflessly fighting for his life, he almost does not feel pain from bites, as he has a fairly thick skin and a large fat layer. But the animal itself can cause very serious injuries to the teeth and claws of the animal, which will take it into his head to attack him.

On November 18, 2019, a meeting was held on the topic: "Results of the fire season 2019»

November 18, 2019 in RSU "Almaty regional territorial inspection of forestry and wildlife Committee of forestry and wildlife of the Ministry of ecology, Geology and natural resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan" held a meeting on "the Results of the fire season 2019".

The meeting was attended by the head of Almaty aviation branch Tulepbergenov B. S. and the head of Taldykorgan aviation branch Bazarbekov M. K. from the enterprise RSE "Kazavialesoohrana".

On guard Forests-Blower-sprayer AM-190

The blower-sprayer is used in extinguishing fires in forests the result is achieved through the use of air-water method of extinguishing. The process of extinguishing the flame is due to a strong flow of air with fine water droplets. For this purpose, fire blowers are equipped with a container of water. The air flow picks up the water and delivers it in spray form to the fire center. As a result, the flame gradually fades. The Oleo-Mac AM 190 sprayer uses the power of the modern Oleo-Mac 3.5 HP 72.4 CC gasoline engine. The advantages of this engine include high reliability and the ability to operate under various weather conditions.

The engine is equipped with a paper filter (corrugated) to increase engine life, as well as an efficient cooling system. The carburetor system uses compensators that increase resistance to contamination. The pump installed in the motor sprayer has a good wear resistance and provides a sufficiently high pressure for spraying chemicals (the created air flow rate can reach up to 120 m/s). One of the features of this model sprayer is the possibility of its use as a blower. Powerful airflow ensures effective removal of dust and debris, the maximum volume of air up to 960 cubic meters. m / h. also spray Oleo-Mac AM 190 shows good results when spraying powder substances, which further allows you to use it when extinguishing an open fire.

To work with the sprayer, convenient straps are provided - the user can comfortably carry the product, which is greatly facilitated by the small own weight of the unit in 12.5 kg. the volume of the tank for spraying substances is 14 liters, which is enough for long continuous operation. On the adjustable handle placed controls. Characteristics of spraying allow to judge high quality of processing at use of this model of the sprayer. The liquid flow rate during spraying is 0.5-3 l / min, which indicates an effective distribution. Summing up, we can conclude about the high reliability of the atomizer, ease of use, achieved performance.