Pilot-observers worked out the accuracy of discharges and the procedure for interacting with the crews of the Mi-8 helicopter when extinguishing forest fires. It should be noted that work with the spillway device is difficult and dangerous and requires high training of the flight crew.
The use of helicopters with APU for extinguishing fires is carried out at the request of an observer pilot or a forest fire extinguishing leader.
The request for the direction of the helicopter with the APU to the fire site shall indicate its location, size and type, location features, wind speed and direction in the fire area, outdoor temperature, distance from the fire to the nearest water body, taxation characteristics of forest plantations.
Having received an instruction, the pilot-observer plots the location of the fire on the patrol map and outlines the reservoir closest to the fire for water intake, suitable for work.
When following to the places of work and back, the APU is transported in the cargo compartment of a helicopter. Preparation of the APU for work consists in assembly, installation on a helicopter and adjustments in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation of the manufacturer.
Before the start of work, the fire extinguishing supervisor conducts with the employees of the teams working on extinguishing a forest fire, briefing on compliance with safety regulations when draining water from an aircraft.
Prior to the start of work on spills to a forest fire, the aircraft crew establishes communication with the head of the ground team, specifies the direction of the spills, the place where the first spill begins, the time required to draw water and perform the next drain (cycle), and the start time of the first drain.
During the flight over the fire, the pilot-observer evaluates the characteristics of the fire (area, intensity of development, etc.), specifies the location of people in order to avoid getting the fire extinguishing solution on them, and determines the extinguishing tactics.
After communication with the crew of the aircraft, the fire extinguishing supervisor gives the command to move away from the edge of the forest fire (to which the discharge will be carried out) to a safe distance.
After draining to the edge, the forest fire extinguishing supervisor reports to the aircraft crew on the results of the drain, and, if necessary, makes adjustments to the direction of the next drain.
The main methods of using a spillway device (APU) are:
1. treatment of the edge of the fire from a helicopter with water and chemical solutions;
2. laying of barrier strips;
3. using them as a reservoir for refilling forest fire extinguishers.